The global challenges of the long COVID-19 in adults and children

• Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales,
• María Camila Lopez-Echeverri,
• Maria Fernanda Perez-Raga,
• Valentina Quintero-Romero,
• Valentina Valencia-Gallego,
• Nicolas Galindo-Herrera,
• Santiago López-Alzate,
• Juan Diego Sánchez-Vinasco,
• Juan José Gutiérrez-Vargas,
• Percy Mayta-Tristan,
• Rola Husni,
• Rima Moghnieh,
• Joseph Stephan,
• Wissam Faour,
• Samah Tawil,
• Hanane Barakat,
• Toufic Chaaban,
• Andre Megarbane,
• Youssef Rizk,
• Rania Sakr,
• Juan Pablo Escalera-Antezana,
• Lucia E. Alvarado-Arnez,
• D. Katterine Bonilla-Aldana,
• German Camacho-Moreno,
• Henry Mendoza,
• Ivan Arturo Rodriguez-Sabogal,
• Jose Millán-Oñate,
• Gustavo Lopardo,
• Alexandre Naime Barbosa,
• Sergio Cimerman,
• Tânia do Socorro Souza Chaves,
• Tomas Orduna,
• Susana Lloveras,
• Andrea G. Rodriguez-Morales,
• Monica Thormann,
• Patricia Gabriela Zambrano,
• Clevy Perez,
• Nancy Sandoval,
• Lysien Zambrano,
• Carlos A. Alvarez-Moreno,
• Enrique Chacon-Cruz,
• Wilmer E. Villamil-Gomez,
• Vicente Benites-Zapata,
• Eduardo Savio-Larriera,
• Jaime A. Cardona-Ospina,
• Alejandro Risquez,
• David A. Forero-Peña,
• Andrés F. Henao-Martínez,
• Ranjit Sah,
• Joshuan J. Barboza,
• Darwin A. León-Figueroa,
• Jaime David Acosta-España,
• Carmen María Carrero-Gonzalez,
• Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq,
• Ali A. Rabaan,
• Hakan Leblebicioglu,
• Jose A. Gonzales-Zamora,
• Rolando Ulloa-Gutiérrez

Affiliations

Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales

Corresponding author.; Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas-Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Pereira, 660003, Risaralda, Colombia; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, 15067, Peru; Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon

María Camila Lopez-Echeverri

Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, 660003, Colombia

Maria Fernanda Perez-Raga

Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, 660003, Colombia

Valentina Quintero-Romero

Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, 660003, Colombia

Valentina Valencia-Gallego

Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, 660003, Colombia

Nicolas Galindo-Herrera

Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, 660003, Colombia

Santiago López-Alzate

Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, 660003, Colombia

Juan Diego Sánchez-Vinasco

Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, 660003, Colombia

Juan José Gutiérrez-Vargas

Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, 660003, Colombia

Percy Mayta-Tristan

Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, 15067, Peru

Rola Husni

Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon

Rima Moghnieh

Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon

Joseph Stephan

Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon

Wissam Faour

Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon

Samah Tawil

Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon

Hanane Barakat

Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon

Toufic Chaaban

Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon

Andre Megarbane

Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon

Youssef Rizk

Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon

Rania Sakr

Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon

Juan Pablo Escalera-Antezana

Direction of First Level, Municipal Secretary of Health, Municipal Autonomous Government of Cochabamba, Cochabamba, Bolivia

Lucia E. Alvarado-Arnez

National Research Coordination, Franz Tamayo University (UNIFRANZ), La Paz, Bolivia

D. Katterine Bonilla-Aldana

Research Unit, Universidad Continental, Huancayo, Peru

German Camacho-Moreno

Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, DC, Colombia; Division of Infectious Diseases, HOMI, Hospital Pediátrico La Misericordia, Bogotá, DC, Colombia; Fundación Hospital Infantil Universitario de San José, Bogotá, DC, Colombia

Henry Mendoza

Hemera Unidad de Infectología IPS SAS, Bogota, Colombia

Ivan Arturo Rodriguez-Sabogal

Hospital San Vicente Fundación, Rionegro, Antioquia, Colombia

Jose Millán-Oñate

Clinica Imbanaco Grupo Quironsalud, Cali, Colombia; Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali, Colombia; Clinica de Occidente, Cali, Colombia; Clinica Sebastián de Belalcazar, Valle del Cauca, Colombia

Gustavo Lopardo

Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Alexandre Naime Barbosa

Infectious Diseases Department, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, Brazilian Society for Infectious Diseases, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

Sergio Cimerman

Institute of Infectious Diseases Emilio Ribas, São Paulo, Brazil

Tânia do Socorro Souza Chaves

Evandro Chagas Institute, Health of Ministry of Brazil, Belém, Pará, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Pará, Brazil

Tomas Orduna

Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital de Enfermedades Infecciosas F. J. Muñiz, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Susana Lloveras

Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital de Enfermedades Infecciosas F. J. Muñiz, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Andrea G. Rodriguez-Morales

Unidad Procedimientos, Policlínico Neurología, Centro de Referencia de Salud Dr. Salvador Allende Gossens, Santiago de Chile, Chile

Monica Thormann

Hospital Salvador Bienvenido Gautier, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic

Patricia Gabriela Zambrano

Jefatura de Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador

Clevy Perez

Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic

Nancy Sandoval

Hospital Roosevelt, Guatemala City, Guatemala

Lysien Zambrano

Institute for Research in Medical Sciences and Right to Health (ICIMEDES), National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Honduras

Carlos A. Alvarez-Moreno

National Clinical Coordinator COVID-19-WHO Studies, Colombia; Clinica Universitaria Colombia, Clinica Colsanitas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia

Enrique Chacon-Cruz

Think Vaccines LLC, Houston, Texas, USA

Wilmer E. Villamil-Gomez

Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia; Grupo de Expertos Clínicos Secretaria de Salud de Barranquilla, Barranquilla, Colombia

Vicente Benites-Zapata

Unidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru

Eduardo Savio-Larriera

Hospital Evangélico de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay

Jaime A. Cardona-Ospina

Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, 660003, Colombia; Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA

Alejandro Risquez

Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela

David A. Forero-Peña

Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela; Biomedical Research and Therapeutic Vaccines Institute, Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela

Andrés F. Henao-Martínez

Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Mail Stop B168, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA

Ranjit Sah

Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal; Department of Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, 411018, Maharashtra, India; Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Maharashtra, India

Joshuan J. Barboza

Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Cesar Vallejo, Trujillo, Peru

Darwin A. León-Figueroa

Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Chiclayo, Peru

Jaime David Acosta-España

Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Beutenbergstraße 13, 07745, Jena, Germany; Postgraduate Program in Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador

Carmen María Carrero-Gonzalez

Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Simón Bolivar, Barranquilla, Colombia

Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq

Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, 34465, Saudi Arabia; Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 47405, USA; Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA

Ali A. Rabaan

Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, 31311, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, 11533, Saudi Arabia; Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 22610, Pakistan

Hakan Leblebicioglu

Department of Infectious Diseases, VM Medicalpark Samsun Hospital, Samsun, Turkey

Jose A. Gonzales-Zamora

Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA

Rolando Ulloa-Gutiérrez

Servicio de Infectología Pediátrica, Hospital Nacional de Niños ''Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera'', Centro de Ciencias Médicas, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS), San José, Costa Rica; Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Médicas UCIMED (IICIMED), San José, Costa Rica; Cátedra de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas (UCIMED), San José, Costa Rica