Indian Heart Journal (Nov 2021)

Patterns of cardiovascular diseases in COVID-19 patients admitted to tertiary cardiac care centre

  • Beeresha Puttegowda, MD, DM,
  • Arun B. Shivashankarappa, MD,DM,DNB,
  • Suvradip Dutta, MD,(DM),
  • Rama Chikkamuniswamy, MD,DM,
  • Prabhavathi Bhat, MD,DM,
  • Shanmugam Krishnan, MD,DM,
  • Manjunath C. Nanjappa, MD, DM, FRCP, FACC, FICC

Journal volume & issue
Vol. 73, no. 6
pp. 682 – 686

Abstract

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Objectives: To analyse the pattern of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in COVID-19 patients admitted to tertiary cardiac care centre. Methods: We retrospectively analysed 511 adult patients admitted between July 1, 2020, and November 30, 2020, with COVID-19 infection and having either new onset or pre-existing CVDs. Clinical features, electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography, chest X-ray, biomarkers, haematological and biochemical parameters were analysed. Results: The mean age of the patients was 56.62 ± 14.74 years. Male: Female ratio was 2.78:1. Pre-existing CVDs were present in 258 patients (50.5%). The most common cardiovascular manifestation was acute coronary syndrome (ACS), seen in 259 patients (50.7%). ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) was more common than non-ST-segment elevation ACS (NSTE-ACS). Possible myocarditis was seen in 52 patients (10.1%). Rhythm and conduction abnormalities were noted in 144 patients (28.2%), the most common being QT prolongation, seen in 51 patients (10%). In-hospital mortality occurred in 97 patients (18.9%). Age, serum Ferritin level, D-dimer, NT-pro-BNP and total leukocyte count were significantly higher among patients with in-hospital mortality compared to survival group. Blood lymphocyte count and Haemoglobin level were significantly lower in mortality-group, compared to survival-group. Incidence of pre-existing CVDs, cardiogenic shock, heart failure, atrial fibrillation (AF), and renal failure were significantly higher in mortality-group compared to survival-group. Conclusion: The most common CVD in COVID-19 patients in our study was ACS. STEMI was more common than NSTE-ACS. Advanced age, elevated serum ferritin, D-dimer, NT pro-BNP, leucocytosis, lymphopenia, lower haemoglobin, pre-existing CVDs heart failure, cardiogenic shock, AF and renal failure were associated with increased mortality in these patients.

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