ENSEÑANDO RAZONAMIENTO MORAL EN LAS CLASES DE EDUCACIÓN FÍSICA ESCOLAR

Abstract

<p class="titulo1" align="center">&nbsp;</p><p class="titulo1" align="center"><strong>RESUMEN </strong><span class="tabulado"><br /></span></p> <p class="tabulado1">Durante mucho tiempo se ha venido admitiendo que el deporte hace el car&aacute;cter, consider&aacute;ndolo generador de valores y cualidades socialmente deseables. Sin embargo, se ha comprobado que la pr&aacute;ctica deportiva, por s&iacute; sola, no educa, sino que ha de practicarse de una determinada manera para que aporte todos los valores proclamados por los cl&aacute;sicos. Por otro lado, se ha considerado la educaci&oacute;n f&iacute;sica como un contexto apropiado para encaminar a los alumnos hacia la interpretaci&oacute;n de la pr&aacute;ctica deportiva de forma positiva. Seg&uacute;n los investigadores, se pueden desarrollar valores sociales y personales en la educaci&oacute;n f&iacute;sica y el deporte aplicando las t&eacute;cnicas del aprendizaje social (refuerzo y modelado) y del desarrollo estructural (resoluci&oacute;n de dilemas morales). Por todo ello, en este art&iacute;culo presentamos el proceso de implantaci&oacute;n y los resultados de un programa de intervenci&oacute;n aplicado en el contexto de la educaci&oacute;n f&iacute;sica escolar, para el desarrollo del razonamiento moral de los adolescentes. Aunque la duraci&oacute;n del programa no ha permitido observar grandes cambios, si se ha podido comprobar la orientaci&oacute;n de un significativo n&uacute;mero de alumnos hacia niveles de razonamiento moral m&aacute;s elevados, confirm&aacute;ndose este sistema como alternativa de apoyo a la educaci&oacute;n f&iacute;sica tradicional.<br />PALABRAS CLAVE: Desarrollo moral, adolescentes, dilemas morales, educaci&oacute;n secundaria.</p> <p class="tabulado" align="justify">&nbsp;</p> <p class="titulo1" align="center">SUMMARY</p> <p class="tabulado1">The fact that sport makes character has been admitted for a long time, considering it a generator of moral values and socially desirable qualities. However, it has been proven that sport practice, by itself, does not educate, but should be practised in a specific way so that it provides all the moral values proclaimed by the classics. In addition, physical education has been considered an appropriate context in order to point pupils towards the interpretation of sport practice in a positive way. According to researchers, social and personal values in physical education and sports can be developed by applying the techniques of social learning (reinforcement and modelling) and structural development (resolution of moral dilemmas). That is why, in this article, we are presenting the implementation process and the results of an intervention program applied to the context of school physical education for the development of moral reasoning in students. Although the duration of the program has not allowed for the observation of big changes, the orientation of a significant number of pupils towards higher levels of moral reasoning has been proven, so this system can be relied on as an alternative support to traditional physical education.<br />KEY WORDS: Moral development, adolescents, moral dilemmas, secondary education.</p>