Applied Sciences (Sep 2023)

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of <i>Agarum cribrosum</i> Extract and Its Fractions in LPS-Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophages

  • Mi-Bo Kim,
  • Hyeju Lee,
  • Terrence Vance,
  • Sang Gil Lee

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810048
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 13, no. 18
p. 10048

Abstract

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Excessive oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Busan-grown Agarum cribrosum ethanol extract (ACE) and its organic solvent five fractions are exhibited in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. ACE and its five fractions from ACE evaluated the total antioxidant activity and the effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines and antioxidant genes expression in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. ACE and its ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction showed a high total phenolic content and total antioxidant capacity by decreasing free radicals scavenging activity. ACE and its EtOAc fraction significantly repressed LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-1β gene expression. Additionally, ACE and its EtOAc fraction significantly diminished the LPS-stimulated gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase 2 genes with a concomitant decrease in their protein levels in the macrophages. The gene expression of NADPH oxidase 2 was significantly abolished by ACE and its EtOAc fraction in LPS-induced macrophages, while other antioxidant genes showed minimal effects. The results suggest that ACE and its EtOAc fraction exert inhibitory effects on LPS-stimulated inflammation and oxidative stress in macrophages accompanied by total antioxidant activity.

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