Determination of nitrate and nitrite exposure and their health risk assessment in 21 brands of bottled waters in Isfahan′s market in 2013

Abstract

Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine of nitrate and nitrite exposure and their health risk assessment in 21 brands of bottled waters in Isfahan′s market in 2013. Materials and Methods: The samples bought from shops in Isfahan city and were analyzed for nitrate and nitrite. The measured concentration of nitrate and nitrite were compared with the labeling data and codex guideline values. Statistical analysis on data was performed with the Kolmogorov-Simonov non-parametric test, the paired t-test and the student′s t-test at P < 0.05 of confidence level. The health risk was assessed through chronic daily intake (CDI) and hazard index (HI). Results: The mean concentrations ± standard deviations based on statistical t-test for nitrate and nitrite were 1.42 ± 0.55 and 0.02 ± 0.015 mg/l, respectively. Based on results nitrate concentrations have a statistically significant difference with labeling values. There was no labeling value for nitrite on the samples. The amounts of CDI for nitrate and nitrite were 1.5E-04 and 3.3E-04 mg/kg/day, respectively and their related HI was same and below 1. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, nitrate and nitrite levels in the studied bottled waters were not found in concentrations considered hazardous in terms of public health. The label values not provide reliable data for consumer. The health risk of bottled water consumers from nitrate and nitrite exposure in Isfahan were in the acceptable range.

Keywords

• Bottled water
• brand
• health risk assessment
• nitrate
• nitrite