Osteoprotegerin as an Early Sign of Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is among the most significant health problems, with the associated cardiovascular disease and bone metabolism disorders being the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients. The aim of the study was to determine markers of bone turnover in patient sera (phosphates, calcium, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone and osteoprotegerin (OPG)) in all stages of kidney failure including kidney transplant recipients. We also wanted to determine whether dialysis vintage affects recovery of bone markers one year after transplantation. There were 164 study patients, whereas 30 healthy individuals served as a control group. Serum OPG progressively increased with decline of the glomerular filtration rate. The highest OPG concentration was recorded in dialysis group. We observed a statistically significant OPG increase in stage 2 CKD. In kidney transplant group, there was positive correlation between OPG and dialysis vintage. We also found that serum OPG was lower in patients treated with dialysis for less than 4 years prior to transplantation. We confirmed that CKD-mineral and bone disorder began in stage 3 CKD with parathyroid hormone and OPG elevation, and a statistically significant OPG increase in stage 2 CKD might be an early sign of CKD-mineral and bone disorder. Dialysis vintage longer than 4 years is associated with more significant disturbances in mineral and bone metabolism.

Keywords

• Renal dialysis
• Renal insufficiency, chronic
• Kidney transplantation
• Osteoprotegerin
• Chronic kidney disease–Mineral and bone disorder