Application of a LiFePO4 Battery Energy Storage System to Primary Frequency Control: Simulations and Experimental Results

Fabio Massimo Gatta; Alberto Geri; Regina Lamedica; Stefano Lauria; Marco Maccioni; Francesco Palone; Massimo Rebolini; Alessandro Ruvio

doi:10.3390/en9110887

Energies (Oct 2016)

Application of a LiFePO4 Battery Energy Storage System to Primary Frequency Control: Simulations and Experimental Results

Fabio Massimo Gatta,
Alberto Geri,
Regina Lamedica,
Stefano Lauria,
Marco Maccioni,
Francesco Palone,
Massimo Rebolini,
Alessandro Ruvio

Affiliations

Fabio Massimo Gatta: Department of Astronautics, Electric and Energy Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00184, Italy
Alberto Geri: Department of Astronautics, Electric and Energy Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00184, Italy
Regina Lamedica: Department of Astronautics, Electric and Energy Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00184, Italy
Stefano Lauria: Department of Astronautics, Electric and Energy Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00184, Italy
Marco Maccioni: Department of Astronautics, Electric and Energy Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00184, Italy
Francesco Palone: Terna S.p.A., Rome 00156, Italy
Massimo Rebolini: Terna S.p.A., Rome 00156, Italy
Alessandro Ruvio: Department of Astronautics, Electric and Energy Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00184, Italy

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/en9110887
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 9, no. 11
p. 887

Abstract

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This paper presents an experimental application of LiFePO4 battery energy storage systems (BESSs) to primary frequency control, currently being performed by Terna, the Italian transmission system operator (TSO). BESS performance in the primary frequency control role was evaluated by means of a simplified electrical-thermal circuit model, taking into account also the BESS auxiliary consumptions, coupled with a cycle-life model, in order to assess the expected life of the BESS. Numerical simulations have been carried out considering the system response to real frequency measurements taken in Italy, spanning a whole year; a parametric study taking into account different values of governor droop and of BESS charge/discharge rates (C-rates) was also performed. Simulations, fully validated by experimental results obtained thus far, evidenced a severe trade-off between expected lifetime and overall efficiency, which significantly restricts the choice of operating parameters for frequency control.

Published in Energies

ISSN: 1996-1073 (Online)
Publisher: MDPI AG
Country of publisher: Switzerland
LCC subjects: Technology
Website: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/energies

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