Sigmund Freud ja psühhoanalüütiline naljauurimine

Abstract

In psychological observations of jokes, it is not so much the text of the joke than the function and place it has in the person reading, telling, or listening to the joke that interest is taken in. The influence of the joke on him and what touches that individual is dealt with. In the psychoanalytical approach, jokes are viewed as an expression of the subconscious. This approach explains jokes from the viewpoint of the human soul. In his work Der Witz und seine Beziehung zum Unbewußten (Jokes and their Relation to the Unconscious), Sigmund Freud pays attention mostly to the context of the material, coming to the conclusion that every narrative influences the human soul differently. In the latter, the difference of all humans lies in. Freud differentiates the technique and tendency of jokes. The joke can be obscene, aggressive (hostile), cynic (critical or blasphemous) or sceptical by its tendency (function) and emphasis. When talking about the three-link chain of interpreting jokes, the communicativity of jokes is emphasized. Freud writes about the impossibility of laughing at a joke created by one as what becomes evident there touches the creator much too deeply. At the same time the joke can not be kept only to one's own knowledge, because the urge to tell it is too big. A joke can exist only in a communicative process.One of the most significant representatives of the discipline, Gershon Legman, studies the favourite anecdotes of narrators in his book Rationale Of The Dirty Joke: An Analysis Of Sexual Humor. During an experiment, people are asked to tell their favourite anecdote or the joke they remember first. Then the jokes are analysed as this should throw light upon some of the hidden corners of the human psyche.Psychoanalysis could develop only in modern society. It has been called a phenomenon of the contemporary chaos and also an attempt to turn everything upside down. But can an anecdote, already by its nature based on denial, be explained by another upside-down-turner? If, through jokes, it is possible to draw conclusions on their creator and the psyche of their users, then can we make hypotheses about which anecdotes that person probably likes, basing only on their psyche?But the main task is still finding answers to the questions, what we are laughing at and why we laugh at the particular. When trying to characterise the surrealistic jokes of today, we should also think of Sigmund Freud and his work Der Witz und seine Beziehung zum Unbewussten.