The Basis of Anticancer Immunity Mechanism Induced by In Situ Vaccination

Abstract

The present review is an attempt to characterize the principles of both onset and development of the systemic antitumor immune response triggered by in situ vaccination, which is a new trend in anticancer immunotherapy. Modern methods of cancer immunotherapy usually require the presence of a specific target antigen. The in situ vaccination approach does not need a specific antigen. The determinants necessary for the formation of the immune response are all present at the vaccination site, as tumor cells are lysed by cells of innate immunity, infiltrating the tumor and activated by the treatments. The first part of the review is a compilation of the literature data on causes, circumstances, and factors determining the presence in the local tumor node of the totality of tumor antigens essential for the development of the adaptive antitumor immune response. The second part of the review analyzes possible events of antitumor immune response development due to in situ vaccination using ligand-receptor interaction and antigen-presenting cells activation, based on the data structuring performed previously

Keywords

• cpg
• antitumor immune response
• antigen-presenting cells
• tumor antigens
• in situ vaccination
• cpg
• ox40 antibodies