The Utility of Immuno-Nutritional Scores in Patients with Testicular Germ Cell Tumors
Uros Bumbasirevic,
Milos Petrovic,
Vesna Coric,
Nikola Lisicic,
David Obucina,
Milica Zekovic,
Bogomir Milojevic,
Nenad Vasilic,
Vladimir Vasic,
Marko Zivkovic,
Nebojsa Bojanic,
Aleksandar Janicic
Affiliations
Uros Bumbasirevic
Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Milos Petrovic
Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Vesna Coric
Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Nikola Lisicic
Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
David Obucina
Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Milica Zekovic
Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Bogomir Milojevic
Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Nenad Vasilic
Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Vladimir Vasic
Department of Urology, University Medical Center Zvezdara, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Marko Zivkovic
Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Nebojsa Bojanic
Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Aleksandar Janicic
Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
Background: Hemoglobin, Albumin, Lymphocyte, and Platelet Score (HALP) is an accessible score that is easily reproducible from routine laboratory testing while also reflecting patients’ immune-nutritional status. Along with other immuno-nutritional scores, such as the Prognostic Nutrition Index (PNI), HALP has been associated with a number of clinical and pathological features. The goal of our study was to evaluate the prognostic utility of HALP and PNI scores in testicular germ cell cancer (GCT) patients. Methods: This case-only study included 203 testicular GCT patients who were classified according to the disease stage and HALP and PNI cut-offs. Complete blood count and albumin concentration were routinely determined. Results: The values of HALP and PNI significantly differed among different clinical stages (p p p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our investigation could provide evidence that specific immune-nutritional scores can help distinguish individuals diagnosed with testicular GCT who are more likely to be identified with advanced disease stages.
