Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmacognosy Research (Sep 2021)
Insulin expression and insulitis degree of diabetic rats after giving sikkam leaves (Bischofia javanica Blume)
Abstract
Context: Gallic acid and quercetin in sikkam leaves (Bischofia javanica) have scientific potential as antidiabetic agents. Quercetin suppresses hyperglycemia by inhibiting active glucose transport. Meanwhile, gallic acid acts as an antidiabetic is closely related to its antioxidant properties. Antioxidant compounds neutralize cells that experience oxidative stress by donating their hydrogen atoms. Aims: To analyze the degree of insulitis and insulin expression in the pancreatic cells of rats induced diabetes mellitus (DM) after giving B. javanica leaves extract. Methods: The treatment groups consisted of G0: negative control (-); G1: positive control (alloxan induction + standard feed); G2: alloxan induction + 300 mg/kg BW of B. javanica leaves ethanol extract; G3: alloxan induction + 600 mg/kg BW of B. javanica leaves ethanol extract; G4: alloxan induction + ethanol extract of B. javanica leaves 900 mg/kg BW and G5: alloxan induction + glibenclamide 4.5 mg/kg BW. At day 28, the rats were sacrificed, and the pancreatic tissue dissected. This was analyzed for degree of insulitis and insulin expression by anti-insulin antibodies using immunohistochemistry and hematoxylin-eosin. Results: There was a significant difference (p = 0.000) in insulin expression and insulitis degree. By the increase of B. javanica leaves dose, the insulin expression value also increased, and the degree of insulitis in Langerhans’ islets of DM rats was decreased. Islets of Langerhans in insulin production returned to normal after being given B. javanica ethanol extract 900 mg/kg BW like glibenclamide. Conclusions: Bischofia javanica ethanol extract increased insulin production and reduced the degree of insulitis in the islets of Langerhans histology. Further research is needed to determine the extent to which this extract protects from the sequelae of diabetes.
