Association of hypertension burden with stroke risk in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Abstract

Introduction: Whether the hypertension burden is associated with stroke incidence is inconclusive. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between hypertension burden and stroke risk in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Methods: HFpEF patients from the Treatment of Preserved Cardiac Function Heart Failure with an Aldosterone Antagonist (TOPCAT) trial were divided into three groups (low, medium, and high risk) according to their hypertension burden values. Higher hypertension burden risk represented the longer duration of hypertension. We evaluated the association of hypertension burden with stroke risk using Fine and Gray's competing risk models. Results: A total of 3431 HFpEF patients (mean age: 68.5 ± 9.58 years, 51.6% females) were enrolled. During a median follow-up of 3.3 years, per 10-point increase in hypertension burden was associated with any stroke (hazard ratio [HR] 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–1.21), new-onset stroke (HR 1.14, 95% CI 1.07–1.21), and ischemic stroke (HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.02–1.17). When hypertension burden was analyzed as a categorical variable, any stroke risk was increased in the medium- (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.01–2.40) and high-risk (HR 3.19, 95% CI 2.05–4.97) groups when compared with the low-risk group. For the outcomes of new-onset (HR 2.92, 95% CI 1.80–4.74) and ischemic stroke (HR 2.46, 95% CI 1.41–4.29), similar results were observed in patients with high-versus low-risk hypertension burden. Conclusions: Increasing hypertension burden was associated with an increased risk of stroke, suggesting that shortening hypertension duration might appropriately minimize the stroke incidence in HFpEF patients.

Keywords

• Heart failure
• Hypertension burden
• Stroke
• Risk factor