<i>Amanita</i> Section <i>Phalloideae</i> Species in the Mediterranean Basin: Destroying Angels Reviewed
Pablo Alvarado,
Antonia Gasch-Illescas,
Sylvie Morel,
Magda Bou Dagher-Kharrat,
Gabriel Moreno,
José Luis Manjón,
Xavier Carteret,
Jean-Michel Bellanger,
Sylvie Rapior,
Matteo Gelardi,
Pierre-Arthur Moreau
Affiliations
Pablo Alvarado
ALVALAB, Dr. Fernando Bongera St., Severo Ochoa Bldg. S1.04, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain
Antonia Gasch-Illescas
Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, San Fernando 4, E-41004 Sevilla, Spain
Sylvie Morel
Laboratory of Botany, Phytochemistry and Mycology, Faculty of Pharmacy, CEFE, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, CS 14491, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, CEDEX 5, 34093 Montpellier, France
Magda Bou Dagher-Kharrat
Laboratoire «Caractérisation Génomique des Plantes», Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, Rue de Damas, BP 17-5208, Mar Mikhaël, Beyrouth 1104 2020, Lebanon
Gabriel Moreno
Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida-Botánica, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
José Luis Manjón
Departamento de Ciencias de la Vida-Botánica, Universidad de Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Spain
Xavier Carteret
Independent Researcher, 68, Rue Alexis Maneyrol, 92370 Chaville, France
Jean-Michel Bellanger
CEFE, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, INSERM, 1919 Route de Mende, CEDEX 5, 34293 Montpellier, France
Sylvie Rapior
Laboratory of Botany, Phytochemistry and Mycology, Faculty of Pharmacy, CEFE, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, EPHE, IRD, CS 14491, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, CEDEX 5, 34093 Montpellier, France
Matteo Gelardi
Associazione Micologica Ecologica Romana (AMER) APS, Via Tuscolana 548, I-00181 Rome, Italy
Pierre-Arthur Moreau
Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Lille, 3 rue du Pr Laguesse, 59000 Lille, France
In Europe, amatoxin-containing mushrooms are responsible for most of the deadly poisonings caused by macrofungi. The present work presents a multidisciplinary revision of the European species of Amanita sect. Phalloideae based on morphology, phylogeny, epidemiology, and biochemistry of amatoxins and phallotoxins. Five distinct species of this section have been identified in Europe to date: A. phalloides, A. virosa, A. verna, the recently introduced North American species A. amerivirosa, and A. vidua sp. nov., which is a new name proposed for the KOH-negative Mediterranean species previously described as A. verna or A. decipiens by various authors. Epitypes or neotypes are selected for species lacking suitable reference collections, namely A. verna and A. virosa. Three additional taxa, Amanita decipiens, A. porrinensis, and A. virosa var. levipes are here considered later heterotypic synonyms of A. verna, A. phalloides, and A. amerivirosa, respectively.
