Ideal Bi-Based Hybrid Anode Material for Ultrafast Charging of Sodium-Ion Batteries at Extremely Low Temperatures

Abstract

Highlights Metallic nanoparticles with excellent size controllability and high loading rate are obtained via ultrafast high temperature shock method. The Bi/CNRs-15 electrode exhibits an unprecedented rate performance (237.9 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1) at − 60 °C, while the energy density of the full cell can reach to 181.9 Wh kg−1 at − 40 °C. A novel strategy of high-rate activation is proposed to obtain high capacity and superior stability at low temperature by creating new active sites for interfacial reaction.

Keywords

• Bi nanoparticles
• High temperature shock
• High-rate activation
• Ultrafast charging
• Low-temperature sodium-ion batteries