Dysphagia in patients with severe COVID-19: a retrospective study

Abstract

Abstract To investigate dysphagia after extubation in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We retrospectively examined patients with severe COVID-19 treated in our hospital between August 2021 and March 2022. Feeding outcomes were categorized into two groups—(1) total oral intake, and (2) difficulty in oral intake. To assess the feeding outcome, we used modified water-swallowing test (MWST) for all patients. However, in cases where aspiration or recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy was suspected, we conducted the fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing after MWST. Patient data were collected from medical records. Forty-six patients with severe COVID-19 were included. Among the 46 patients, 14 (30.4%) experienced difficulties with oral intake. Older age, longer length of hospitalization, duration of mechanical ventilation, tracheostomy, diabetes, and higher serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) at the time of intubation were associated with difficulty in oral intake. The rate of difficulty with oral intake in patients with severe COVID-19 was 30.4%, which is not as high as reported in previous studies. Older age, longer duration of mechanical ventilation, tracheostomy, diabetes, and higher levels of CRP and PCT were associated with the prevalence of oral intake difficulty, suggesting that early attention should be paid to high-risk patients who have preexisting deterioration of swallowing function due to aging and comorbidities, or who have prolonged intubation or tracheostomy to prevent aspiration pneumonia.

Keywords

• SARS-CoV-2
• Swallowing function
• Dysphagia
• Intubation
• Tracheostomy