The Combined Effect of Retinoic Acid and LSD1 siRNA Inhibition on Cell Death in the Human Neuroblastoma Cell Line SH-SY5Y

Abstract

Aims: Retinoic acid (RA) is used pharmacologically to treat neuroblastoma (NB), but its mechanism of action is unclear and it has limited use against refractory disease. This study investigated the expression of LSD1 (also known as KDM1A) in tumors, and assessed the efficacy of combining RA treatment with the inhibition of LSD1 expression. Methods: LSD1 protein expression levels were assessed semi-quantitatively in specimens of NB and ganglioneuroblastoma (GNB), along with the apoptosis markers, Bcl-2 and Bax. The combined effect of RA and LSD1 siRNA inhibition on cell death was then assessed in the human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y. Results: LSD1 expression was higher in NB compared to GNB, and LSD1 overexpression directly correlated with Bcl-2 expression and inversely correlated with Bax expression. RA treatment or LSD1 siRNA inhibition alone inhibited the growth of SH-SY5Y cells, but did not cause significant apoptosis or cell death. Combined treatment led to higher rates of SH-SY5Y cell death, as reflected by an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Conclusions: The combined effect of RA and LSD1 siRNA inhibition had a synergistic effect on promoting the apoptosis of NB cells. This novel approach may improve the clinical treatment of NB.

Keywords

• Neuroblastoma
• Retinoic acid
• Lysine-specific demethylase 1
• Apoptosis
• SH-SY5Y cell line