Український стоматологічний альманах (Mar 2015)
FEATURES MOVEMENTS JOINT HEADS OF THE MANDIBLE IN YOUNG INDIVIDUALS WITHOUT CLINICAL SIGNS OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDERS AND MANDIBULAR OCCLUSAL DISORDERS
Abstract
30 individuals were examined to determine the peculiarities of the mandibular condyle movements in young individuals without clinical signs of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) and occlusal disorders. Criteria to be included in the study were as follows: age 18 to 25 (mean age 22+1.5 years) using electronic condylograph Cadiax Compact 2. Short Hamburg test was performed to exclude TMDs. Three groups were chosen by the results of the study of peculiarities of condylar movements in young individuals without clinical signs of articular and occlusal disorders. In the group "Control I" symmetrical, reproducible trajectories of mandibular condylar movements were defined, which began and ended at one point with smooth or straight outlines. The trajectories of condylar movement when opening/closing the mouth, in protrusion were parallel and comparatively of the same length. Excursive and incursive movements superimposed one upon the other. Translational movement of the condyles was characterized by optimal quality of the record. Bennett angles were in the range of 5° to 22°. In the group Control II including 18 surveyed patients trajectories of mandibular movements were more chaotic, shortened or lengthened and asymmetric. Condylar movement curves were distorted, indistinct, and flashing. Translational movement of the condyles was characterized as average in 11 surveyed and poor in 7 patients. This group was subdivided into 3 subgroups depending on the mobility of joints. The shift of the mandible from the position of central relationship to the position of usual occlusion was detected, thus it showed significant shift in the frontal and sagittal planes in the control group II, namely vertical shift of articular processes up and forward from 0.5 to 1.5 mm. that suggests us to divide the surveyed patients depending on the plane where the shift took place and the value of articular process displacement. • in 26.7% of patients (6 men and 2 women) in the "Control II" group with no clinical signs of TMD the displacement of up to 1 mm was found in the frontal plane; • in 13.3% of patients (2 men and 2 women) in the Control group II without clinical signs of TMD the displacement of up to 1.5 mm was found; • in 20% of patients (2 men and 4 women) of the Control group II without clinical signs of TMD the displacement of up to 1.5 mm was found in the sagittal plane. No displacement was found in transverse direction. Analysis of the findings suggests that the method of electronic condylography enables us to reveal serious functional impairment of TMJ in patients even without clinical signs of joint diseases and occlusal disorders showing high compensatory properties of the temporomandibular joints indicating the need to use methods of functional diagnostics and critical analysis of the findings that enables us to assess and prevent TMJ dysfunction appropriately.
