Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ARMS)-PCR for Waxy Sorghum Authentication with Single-Nucleotide Resolution
Xiaoying Zhu,
Minghua Wu,
Ruijie Deng,
Mohammad Rizwan Khan,
Sha Deng,
Xi Wang,
Rosa Busquets,
Wanyu Deng,
Aimin Luo
Affiliations
Xiaoying Zhu
Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center and Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Ministry of Education of Sichuan Province, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
Minghua Wu
Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center and Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Ministry of Education of Sichuan Province, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
Ruijie Deng
Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center and Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Ministry of Education of Sichuan Province, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
Mohammad Rizwan Khan
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
Sha Deng
Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center and Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Ministry of Education of Sichuan Province, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
Xi Wang
Sichuan Langjiu Group Co., Ltd., Luzhou 646523, China
Rosa Busquets
School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK
Wanyu Deng
Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center and Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Ministry of Education of Sichuan Province, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
Aimin Luo
Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center and Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology of Ministry of Education of Sichuan Province, College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
Waxy sorghum has greater economic value than wild sorghum in relation to their use in food processing and the brewing industry. Thus, the authentication of the waxy sorghum species is an important issue. Herein, a rapid and sensitive Authentication Amplification Refractory Mutation System-PCR (aARMS-PCR) method was employed to identify sorghum species via its ability to resolve single-nucleotide in genes. As a proof of concept, we chose a species of waxy sorghum containing the wxc mutation which is abundantly used in liquor brewing. The aARMS-PCR can distinguish non-wxc sorghum from wxc sorghum to guarantee identification of specific waxy sorghum species. It allowed to detect as low as 1% non-wxc sorghum in sorghum mixtures, which ar one of the most sensitive tools for food authentication. Due to its ability for resolving genes with single-nucleotide resolution and high sensitivity, aARMS-PCR may have wider applicability in monitoring food adulteration, offering a rapid food authenticity verification in the control of adulteration.
