Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences (Nov 2023)
Comparison of the Effect of Grape Seed Extract with and without Fluoride Varnish and their Synergistic Effects on Oral Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus mutans-an in-vitro Study
Abstract
Background and purpose: Fluoride varnish application is a successful approach in preventative dentistry. Considering the antimicrobial capabilities of Grape Seed Extract (GSE) and its impact on tooth re-mineralization, the current study was conducted to comparre the effect of this extract, with and without fluoride varnish, as well as their synergistic effects on the caries-causing bacteria Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Materials and methods: In the current laboratory-analytical study, the disk agar diffusion (growth inhibition halo) and microbroth dilution tests were used to investigate the antibacterial properties and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the compounds. Ampicillin and Erythromycin discs were utilized for positive control, and sterile physiological serum was used for negative control. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS software (version 16) and analysis of variance (ANOVA), Kruskal-Wallis, U-Man-Whitney, and independent t-tests. Results: The largest diameter of the growth inhibition halos in S. mutans and L. acidophilus were found in 2.5 mg/ml varnish (12.0±0.7 mm) and 5 mg/ml GSE (13.6±1.1 mm), respectively. Moreover, the smallest halo diameter was recorded in 2.5 mg/ml GSE (7.0±0.9 mm) and the combination of the two extracts at 2.5 mg/ml concentration (5.6±0.9 mm), respectively. Varnish had the lowest MIC in both bacterial species tested (1.8±0.7 mg/ml), and there was no evidence of a synergistic interaction between the two compounds; however, GSE performed comparatively similar to varnish at a dosage of 5 mg/ml. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, GSE can be considered an acceptable alternative to fluoride varnish in the early phases of dental caries treatment and prevention.
