Detecting Criticality by Exploring the Acoustic Activity in Terms of the “Natural-Time” Concept

Abstract

The acoustic activity developed in marble specimens under various loading schemes is explored in terms of the recently introduced F-function. The novelty of the study is that instead of describing the temporal evolution of the F-function in terms of conventional time, the Natural Time concept is employed. Although completely different geometries and loading schemes were considered, the evolution of the F-function in the Natural Time domain exhibits a self-consistent motive: its values increase progressively with fluctuations of varying intensity, however, while the fracture is approaching, a power law appears to systematically govern the response of the specimen/structure loaded. The exponent of this law, somehow corresponding to the intensity of the acoustic activity within the loaded complex, varies within broad limits. The onset of validity of the power law designates that the system has entered into its critical stage, namely that of impending fracture, providing a useful pre-failure signal.

Keywords

• acoustic emissions
• natural time
• pre-failure indicators
• marble
• <i>F</i>-function