Recent advances in titanium dioxide bio-derived carbon photocatalysts for organic pollutant degradation in wastewater
Ethan Dern Huang Kong,
Chin Wei Lai,
Joon Ching Juan,
Yean Ling Pang,
Cheng Seong Khe,
Irfan Anjum Badruddin,
Femiana Gapsari,
Khairul Anam
Affiliations
Ethan Dern Huang Kong
Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
Chin Wei Lai
Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University, MT Haryono 167, Malang 65145, Indonesia; Corresponding author
Joon Ching Juan
Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
Yean Ling Pang
Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Selangor 43000, Malaysia
Cheng Seong Khe
Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS (UTP), Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia
Irfan Anjum Badruddin
Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
Femiana Gapsari
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University, MT Haryono 167, Malang 65145, Indonesia; Corresponding author
Khairul Anam
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University, MT Haryono 167, Malang 65145, Indonesia
Summary: Water pollution from organic pollutants such as dyes and pharmaceuticals poses severe threats to ecosystems and human health, demanding effective remediation strategies. Conventional water treatment methods fall short in eliminating these contaminants, prompting interest in photocatalysis, which uses light energy to degrade pollutants into harmless substances such as carbon dioxide and water. This sustainable approach offers efficient pollutant removal with recyclable photocatalysts but faces challenges such as rapid charge recombination and limited electron-hole migration. Research aims to enhance photocatalytic efficiency under UV, visible, and solar light through metal doping and binary oxide systems, particularly titanium dioxide, which improves charge carrier migration and delays recombination. Coupling titanium dioxide with bio-derived carbon shows promise in enhancing electron-hole separation and visible light absorption. This review explores advances in photocatalyst synthesis, degradation mechanisms, adsorption reactions, and economic value of bioderived photocatalysts, emphasizing the potential of photocatalysis for efficient wastewater treatment.
