Frontiers in Nutrition (Nov 2021)

Dietary Fish Hydrolysate Improves Memory Performance Through Microglial Signature Remodeling During Aging

  • Mathilde Chataigner,
  • Mathilde Chataigner,
  • Céline Lucas,
  • Mathieu Di Miceli,
  • Mathieu Di Miceli,
  • Véronique Pallet,
  • Sophie Laye,
  • Alexis Mehaignerie,
  • Elodie Bouvret,
  • Anne-Laure Dinel,
  • Anne-Laure Dinel,
  • Corinne Joffre

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.750292
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 8

Abstract

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Brain aging is characterized by a chronic low-grade inflammation, which significantly impairs cognitive function. Microglial cells, the immunocompetent cells of the brain, present a different phenotype, switching from a homeostatic signature (M0) to a more reactive phenotype called “MGnD” (microglial neurodegenerative phenotype), leading to a high production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, microglial cells can be activated by age-induced gut dysbiosis through the vagus nerve or the modulation of the peripheral immune system. Nutrients, in particular n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) and low molecular weight peptides, display powerful immunomodulatory properties, and can thus prevent age-related cognitive decline. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of n-3 LC-PUFAs and low molecular weight peptides contained in a marine by-product-derived hydrolysate on microglial phenotypes and intestinal permeability and their consequences on cognition in mice. We demonstrated that the hydrolysate supplementation for 8 weeks prevented short- and long-term memory decline during aging. These observations were linked to the modulation of microglial signature. Indeed, the hydrolysate supplementation promoted homeostatic microglial phenotype by increasing TGF-β1 expression and stimulated phagocytosis by increasing Clec7a expression. Moreover, the hydrolysate supplementation promoted anti-inflammatory intestinal pathway and tended to prevent intestinal permeability alteration occurring during aging. Therefore, the fish hydrolysate appears as an interesting candidate to prevent cognitive decline during aging.

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