Nano-Delivery System of Ethanolic Extract of Propolis Targeting <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> via Aptamer-Modified-Niosomes
Sirikwan Sangboonruang,
Natthawat Semakul,
Sureeporn Suriyaprom,
Kuntida Kitidee,
Jiaranai Khantipongse,
Sorasak Intorasoot,
Chayada Sitthidet Tharinjaroen,
Usanee Wattananandkul,
Bordin Butr-Indr,
Ponrut Phunpae,
Khajornsak Tragoolpua
Affiliations
Sirikwan Sangboonruang
Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Natthawat Semakul
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Sureeporn Suriyaprom
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Kuntida Kitidee
Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
Jiaranai Khantipongse
Office of Disease Prevention and Control 1, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Sorasak Intorasoot
Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Chayada Sitthidet Tharinjaroen
Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Usanee Wattananandkul
Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Bordin Butr-Indr
Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Ponrut Phunpae
Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Khajornsak Tragoolpua
Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Tuberculosis (TB) therapy requires long-course multidrug regimens leading to the emergence of drug-resistant TB and increased public health burden worldwide. As the treatment strategy is more challenging, seeking a potent non-antibiotic agent has been raised. Propolis serve as a natural source of bioactive molecules. It has been evidenced to eliminate various microbial pathogens including Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). In this study, we fabricated the niosome-based drug delivery platform for ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) using thin film hydration method with Ag85A aptamer surface modification (Apt-PEGNio/EEP) to target Mtb. Physicochemical characterization of PEGNio/EEP indicated approximately −20 mV of zeta potential, 180 nm of spherical nanoparticles, 80% of entrapment efficiency, and the sustained release profile. The Apt-PEGNio/EEP and PEGNio/EEP showed no difference in these characteristics. The chemical composition in the nanostructure was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. Apt-PEGNio/EEP showed specific binding to Mycobacterium expressing Ag85 membrane-bound protein by confocal laser scanning microscope. It strongly inhibited Mtb in vitro and exhibited non-toxicity on alveolar macrophages. These findings indicate that the Apt-PEGNio/EEP acts as an antimycobacterial nanoparticle and might be a promising innovative targeted treatment. Further application of this smart nano-delivery system will lead to effective TB management.
