A Case of Leuprolide-Induced Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome

Abstract

Background Leuprolide is a gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist used for patients with prostate cancer and a variety of gynecologic diseases, such as uterine myoma, endometriosis, and adenomyosis. Reported side effects include a local skin eruptions, anaphylactoid reactions, ischemic heart diseases, and seizures. Case Report A 41-year-old woman showed the sudden onset of headache. She had a history of being treated by leuprolide for adenomyosis. Her vital sign was stable. Laboratory findings were within a normal range. Right homonymous quadrantanoptic scotoma was observed on perimetry. Her brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed high signal lesions on T2-weighted (T2WI) and fluid attenuated inversion recovery images affecting left occipital cortex. The MRI results were compatible with the features of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case to report a possible association between PRES and the usage of leuprolide.

Keywords

• Leuprolide
• Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome
• Brain magnetic resonance imaging