Monitoring of limb perfusion after vascular surgery in critical limb ischemia using near-infrared spectroscopy: A prospective observational study

Abstract

Background: Intra and postoperative perfusion monitoring should be used in critical limb ischemia patients undergoing vascular surgery to improve outcomes and reduce costs. While a pulse oximeter can be applied on the affected limb to monitor the arterial saturation of the limb, thus reflecting flow in that limb, we need to focus on other important parameters like muscle oxygen consumption and regional blood flow for a good outcome. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can be used in such patients to monitor regional and tissue oxygenation. Methodology: In this prospective observational study, 30 adult patients undergoing infra-inguinal bypass were recruited. All these patients were given combined spinal-epidural anesthesia. In addition to routine monitoring, a pulse oximeter and NIRS electrodes were applied on the affected limb. rsO2, limb spO2, and Doppler signals were noted before the induction of anesthesia (baseline) and postoperatively at 0, 6, and 12 h. Improvement in rsO2 and limb spO2 values after surgery was noted and fall in these values was evaluated. Pearson correlation between rsO2 and limb spO2 was assessed. The data was analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA. Results: Pearson correlation between rsO2 and limb spO2 was r > 0.8. Two patients had a fall in rsO2 in postoperative period, which co-related with a fall in limb spO2 and decreased/absent Doppler signals. Conclusion: NIRS represents a noninvasive and reliable means to monitor limb perfusion in patients undergoing vascular surgery for rest pain.

Keywords

• near-infrared spectroscopy
• rest pain
• tissue perfusion