A Low-Resources TDC for Multi-Channel Direct ToF Readout Based on a 28-nm FPGA
Mojtaba Parsakordasiabi,
Ion Vornicu,
Ángel Rodríguez-Vázquez,
Ricardo Carmona-Galán
Affiliations
Mojtaba Parsakordasiabi
Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, IMSE-CNM (CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla), Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de La Cartuja, 41092 Seville, Spain
Ion Vornicu
Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, IMSE-CNM (CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla), Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de La Cartuja, 41092 Seville, Spain
Ángel Rodríguez-Vázquez
Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, IMSE-CNM (CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla), Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de La Cartuja, 41092 Seville, Spain
Ricardo Carmona-Galán
Instituto de Microelectrónica de Sevilla, IMSE-CNM (CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla), Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de La Cartuja, 41092 Seville, Spain
In this paper, we present a proposed field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based time-to-digital converter (TDC) architecture to achieve high performance with low usage of resources. This TDC can be employed for multi-channel direct Time-of-Flight (ToF) applications. The proposed architecture consists of a synchronizing input stage, a tuned tapped delay line (TDL), a combinatory encoder of ones and zeros counters, and an online calibration stage. The experimental results of the TDC in an Artix-7 FPGA show a differential non-linearity (DNL) in the range of [−0.953, 1.185] LSB, and an integral non-linearity (INL) within [−2.750, 1.238] LSB. The measured LSB size and precision are 22.2 ps and 26.04 ps, respectively. Moreover, the proposed architecture requires low FPGA resources.
