3D printing for preoperative planning and intraoperative surgical jigs - A prospective study on surgeon perception

Abstract

Introduction: Patient-specific 3D printed models have been widely used as a complement to 2D imaging for preoperative planning in orthopaedic surgery. This study discusses surgeons’ views on the use of custom-made 3D models for preoperative planning and intraoperative guiding through two prospective surveys. Materials and methods: 70 surgeons were required to rate on a scale of 1–5 the effectiveness of preoperative use of 3D models in 1) improving surgeons’ understanding of patients’ anatomy, 2) aiding in preoperative planning and 3) explaining the condition to others, and 4) portraying the anatomy accurately. 14 surgeons were required to evaluate on the same scale the ease of use of intraoperative jibs, effectiveness of the jigs in improving the ease, accuracy, and outcomes of surgery, and in reducing surgery time. Results and discussion: Over 90 % of surgeons rated 4 and above (agree and strongly agree) for all areas evaluated on preoperative use of 3D models. Surgeons with shorter years of practice post exit gave higher mean ratings for all areas evaluated. Over 80 % surgeons rated 4 and above for all aspects of intraoperative jigs evaluated except for “reducing surgery time”. We opine that these full-scale individualized models allow clear visualization of complex anatomy from various angles and planes, and simulation of specific surgical procedures. When used intra-operatively, these guides facilitate accurate cuts and positioning of implants, therefore improving the ease and outcome of surgery. Conclusion: In conclusion, surgeons have optimistic views on preoperative and intraoperative use of patient specific 3D models.

Keywords

• Patient-specific 3D models
• Preoperative planning
• Intraoperative guidance
• Improve understanding of patient anatomy