Journal of Clinical Medicine (Mar 2024)

Rotational Thromboelastometry as a Diagnostic Tool for Persistent Infection in Two-Stage Exchange Arthroplasty

  • Andreas G. Tsantes,
  • Dimitrios V. Papadopoulos,
  • Stavros Goumenos,
  • Ioannis G. Trikoupis,
  • Konstantina A. Tsante,
  • Christos Koutserimpas,
  • Panagiotis Koulouvaris,
  • Vasileios Petrakis,
  • Aristeidis G. Vaiopoulos,
  • Daniele Piovani,
  • Georgios K. Nikolopoulos,
  • Andreas F. Mavrogenis,
  • Panayiotis J. Papagelopoulos,
  • Stefanos Bonovas,
  • Argirios E. Tsantes

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13071942
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 13, no. 7
p. 1942

Abstract

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Background/Objectives: There is a lack of reliable biomarkers for diagnosis of infection eradication prior to second-stage reimplantation in two-stage exchange arthroplasty for periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs). The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) for persistent infection in two-stage exchange arthroplasties. Methods: A pilot, retrospective analysis was performed including 70 patients who underwent a two-stage exchange arthroplasty for PJI. They were categorized as patients without (n = 64) or patients with persistent infection (n = 6) prior to reimplantation. Definition of persistent infection prior to reimplantation was based on the 2018 ICM criteria. Conventional coagulation biomarkers and ROTEM parameters were compared between groups. Results: Higher FIBTEM MCF values were associated with persistent infection (odds ratio [OR], 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–1.63; p = 0.020), and FIBTEM MCF had the highest diagnostic accuracy for persistent infection prior to second-stage reimplantation (AUC, 0.907; 95% CI, 0.812–1.000). A cut-off value ≥ 18 mm for FIBTEM MCF was found to have 100.0% sensitivity and 73.4% specificity for diagnosing persistent infection prior to second-stage reimplantation. Moreover, the diagnostic accuracy of FIBTEM MCF was higher than that of fibrinogen levels (p = 0.036) and D-dimer (p = 0.006). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that ROTEM parameters have the potential to identify persistent infections before reimplantation in two-stage exchange arthroplasties for PJI. Such coagulation biomarkers could provide guidance regarding the optimal timing for reimplantation. Further studies in larger populations are warranted to validate the diagnostic accuracy of ROTEM parameters for persistent PJI.

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