Contrasting the clinical and biological characteristics of young and old COPD patients

Abstract

Background The ECLIPSE study was a large, international, prospective, controlled, observational study that included COPD patients (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) grades 2–4), as well as smoking and non-smoking participants with normal spirometry, aged 40–75 years, who were followed-up regularly for 3 years. Here we sought to contrast the clinical and biological characteristics of young COPD versus controls of similar age and older COPD patients included in ECLIPSE. Methods We compared 106 young (70 years) COPD patients, as well as 119 young smokers and 92 nonsmoker controls (<50 years) with normal spirometry. Results Young COPD patients: 1) were more symptomatic than young controls, often reported a family history of chronic bronchitis, emphysema and asthma, as well as a personal history of asthma and bronchitis, and suffered from a similar disease burden to older patients; 2) were at higher risk of substantial forced expiratory volume in 1 s decline over time; and 3) had reduced serum levels of CC16 (a lung-derived anti-inflammatory protein that relates to lung damage) and, at the same time, reduced pro-inflammatory markers compared to older COPD patients. Conclusions Young COPD patients suffer from significant disease burden, display an altered biomarker and disease progression profile reflected by an accelerated risk of lung function decline highlighting the need for early life diagnosis, prevention approaches and treatment.