Comparison of Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of Five Primary Series of COVID-19 Vaccine Regimens against Circulating SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern among Healthy Thai Populations
Tavitiya Sudjaritruk,
Oramai Mueangmo,
Jutamad Saheng,
Poramed Winichakoon,
Parichat Salee,
Worawan Wongjak,
Tanachot Chaito,
Jutarat Praparattanapan,
Khanuengnit Nuket,
Nuttarika Solai,
Jiraprapa Wipasa,
Kriangkrai Chawansuntati,
Romanee Chaiwarith
Affiliations
Tavitiya Sudjaritruk
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Oramai Mueangmo
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Jutamad Saheng
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Poramed Winichakoon
Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Parichat Salee
Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology of Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases Research Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Worawan Wongjak
Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology of Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases Research Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Tanachot Chaito
Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology of Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases Research Cluster, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Jutarat Praparattanapan
Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Khanuengnit Nuket
Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Nuttarika Solai
Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Jiraprapa Wipasa
Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Kriangkrai Chawansuntati
Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Romanee Chaiwarith
Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
To compare immunogenicity and reactogenicity of five COVID-19 vaccine regimens against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern (VoCs) among Thai populations, a prospective cohort study was conducted among healthy participants aged ≥18 years who had never been infected with COVID-19 and were scheduled to get one of the five primary series of COVID-19 vaccine regimens, including CoronaVac/CoronaVac, AZD1222/AZD1222, CoronaVac/AZD1222, AZD1222/BNT162b2, and BNT162b2/BNT162b2. Anti-receptor binding domain (anti-RBD-WT) IgG and neutralizing antibody (NAb-WT) against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 were measured at pre-prime, post-prime, and post-boost visits. NAb against VoCs (NAb-Alpha, NAb-Beta, NAb-Delta, and NAb-Omicron) were assessed at the post-boost visit. Adverse events (AEs) following vaccination were recorded. A total of 901 participants (CoronaVac/CoronaVac: 332, AZD1222/AZD1222: 221, CoronaVac/AZD1222: 110, AZD1222/BNT162b2: 128, and BNT162b2/BNT162b2: 110) were enrolled. Anti-RBD-WT IgG and NAb-WT levels increased substantially after each vaccine dose. At the post-boost visit, BNT162b2/BNT162b2 induced the highest GMC of anti-RBD-WT IgG level (1698 BAU/mL), whereas AZD1222/BNT162b2 induced the highest median NAb-WT level (99% inhibition). NAb levels against VoCs, particularly the Omicron strain, were markedly attenuated for all vaccine regimens (p < 0.001). Overall, no serious AEs following vaccination were observed. All five primary series of COVID-19 vaccine regimens were well-tolerated and elicited robust antibody responses against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 but had attenuated responses against VoCs, particularly the Omicron strain, among healthy Thai populations.
