Trends and Variabilities of Thunderstorm Days over Bangladesh on the ENSO and IOD Timescales
Md Wahiduzzaman,
Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam,
Jing–Jia Luo,
Shamsuddin Shahid,
Md. Jalal Uddin,
Sayed Majadin Shimul,
Md Abdus Sattar
Affiliations
Md Wahiduzzaman
Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Institute for Climate and Application Research (ICAR), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210000, China
Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul Islam
Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur 5400, Bangladesh
Jing–Jia Luo
Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Institute for Climate and Application Research (ICAR), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210000, China
Shamsuddin Shahid
Department of Water & Environmental Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Johor, Malaysia
Md. Jalal Uddin
Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210000, China
Sayed Majadin Shimul
Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur 5400, Bangladesh
Md Abdus Sattar
Department of Disaster Risk Management, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh
Thunderstorms (TS) are one of the most devastating atmospheric phenomena, which causes massive damage and adverse losses in various sectors, including agriculture and infrastructure. This study investigates the spatiotemporal variabilities of TS days over Bangladesh and their connection with El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). The TS, ENSO and IOD years’ data for 42 years (1975–2016) are used. The trend in TS days at the spatiotemporal scale is calculated using Mann Kendall and Spearman’s rho test. Results suggest that the trend in TS days is positive for all months except December and January. The significant trends are found for May and June, particularly in the northern and northeastern regions of Bangladesh. In the decadal scale, most of the regions show a significant upward trend in TS days. Results from the Weibull probability distribution model show the highest TS days in the northeastern region. The connection between TS days and ENSO/IOD indicates a decrease in TS activities in Bangladesh during the El Niño and positive IOD years.
