Frontiers in Human Neuroscience (Nov 2016)

Cognitive processing in non-communicative patients: what can event-related potentials tell us?

  • Zulay Rosario Lugo,
  • Zulay Rosario Lugo,
  • Zulay Rosario Lugo,
  • Lucia Quitadamo,
  • Lucia Quitadamo,
  • Luigi Bianchi,
  • Frederic Pellas,
  • Sandra Veser,
  • Damien Lesenfants,
  • Ruben Gustav Leonhardt Real,
  • Cornelia Herbert,
  • Cornelia Herbert,
  • Cornelia Herbert,
  • Christoph Guger,
  • Boris Kotchoubey,
  • Donatella Mattia,
  • Steven Laureys,
  • Andrea Kübler,
  • Quentin Noirhomme,
  • Quentin Noirhomme,
  • Quentin Noirhomme

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2016.00569
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 10

Abstract

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Event-related potentials (ERP) have been proposed to improve the differential diagnosis of non-responsive patients. We investigated the potential of the P300 as a reliable marker of conscious processing in patients with locked-in syndrome (LIS). Eleven chronic LIS patients and ten healthy subjects (HS) listened to a complex-tone auditory oddball paradigm, first in a passive condition (listen to the sounds) and then in an active condition (counting the deviant tones). Seven out of nine HS displayed a P300 waveform in the passive condition and all in the active condition. HS showed statistically significant changes in peak and area amplitude between conditions. Three out of seven LIS patients showed the P3 waveform in the passive condition and 5 of 7 in the active condition. No changes in peak amplitude and only a significant difference at one electrode in area amplitude were observed in this group between conditions. We conclude that, in spite of keeping full consciousness and intact or nearly intact cortical functions, compared to HS, LIS patients present less reliable results when testing with ERP, specifically in the passive condition. We thus strongly recommend applying ERP paradigms in an active condition when evaluating consciousness in non-responsive patients.

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