Clinical Cardiology in South East Asia: Indonesian Lessons from the Present towards Improvement
Andriany Qanitha,
Nurul Qalby,
Muzakkir Amir,
Cuno S. P. M. Uiterwaal,
Jose P. S. Henriques,
Bastianus A. J. M. de Mol,
Idar Mappangara
Affiliations
Andriany Qanitha
Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, ID; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, NL; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245; Doctoral Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245
Nurul Qalby
Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht
Muzakkir Amir
Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245
Cuno S. P. M. Uiterwaal
Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht
Jose P. S. Henriques
Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam
Bastianus A. J. M. de Mol
Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam
Idar Mappangara
Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245
Although cardiovascular care has improved in the last decade in the low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in South-East Asia Region; these countries, particularly Indonesia, are still encountering a number of challenges in providing standardized healthcare systems. This article aimed to highlight the current state of cardiology practices in primary and secondary care, including the novel cardiovascular risk factors, recommendations for improving the quality of care, and future directions of cardiovascular research in limited settings in South-East Asia. We also provided the most recent evidence by addressing our latest findings on cardiovascular research in Indonesia, a region where infrastructure, human, and financial resources are largely limited. Improving healthcare policies to reduce a nations’ exposure to CVD risk factors, providing affordable and accessible cardiovascular care both at primary and secondary levels, and increasing capacity building for clinical research should be warranted in the LMICs in South-East Asia.
