Prevalence and Risk Factors of Adverse Effects and Allergic Reactions after COVID-19 Vaccines in a Mexican Population: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Jesús Maximiliano Granados Villalpando,
Sergio de Jesus Romero Tapia,
Guadalupe del Carmen Baeza Flores,
Jorge Luis Ble Castillo,
Isela Esther Juarez Rojop,
Frida Isabel Lopez Junco,
Viridiana Olvera Hernández,
Sergio Quiroz Gomez,
Jesús Arturo Ruiz Quiñones,
Crystell Guadalupe Guzmán Priego
Affiliations
Jesús Maximiliano Granados Villalpando
Cardiometabolism Laboratory, Research Center, Academic Division of Health Sciences (DACS), Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86040, Mexico
Sergio de Jesus Romero Tapia
Health Sciences Academic Division (DACS), Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86040, Mexico
Guadalupe del Carmen Baeza Flores
Cardiometabolism Laboratory, Research Center, Academic Division of Health Sciences (DACS), Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86040, Mexico
Jorge Luis Ble Castillo
Metabolic Disease Biochemistry Laboratory, Research Center, Academic Division of Health Sciences (DACS), Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86040, Mexico
Isela Esther Juarez Rojop
Lipid Metabolism Laboratory, Research Center, Academic Division of Health Sciences (DACS), Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86040, Mexico
Frida Isabel Lopez Junco
Cardiometabolism Laboratory, Research Center, Academic Division of Health Sciences (DACS), Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86040, Mexico
Viridiana Olvera Hernández
Metabolic Disease Biochemistry Laboratory, Research Center, Academic Division of Health Sciences (DACS), Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86040, Mexico
Sergio Quiroz Gomez
Health Sciences Academic Division (DACS), Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86040, Mexico
Jesús Arturo Ruiz Quiñones
Research Center for Tropical and Emerging Diseases, High Specialty Regional Hospital “Dr. Juan Graham Casasús”, Villahermosa 86126, Mexico
Crystell Guadalupe Guzmán Priego
Cardiometabolism Laboratory, Research Center, Academic Division of Health Sciences (DACS), Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco (UJAT), Villahermosa 86040, Mexico
Vaccinations have helped to control the COVID-19 pandemic; however, few studies focus on the adverse effects and allergic reactions of these vaccines and fewer have a scope in the Latin American population. The objective of this study was to assess the associations between vaccinations, sex, age, allergic reactions, and adverse effects. This was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted between 1 July and 1 October 2022. The sample consisted of 443 surveyed participants, with a total of 1272 COVID-19 vaccine doses. Seven vaccines (Pfizer BioNTech, Oxford-AstraZeneca, CanSino, Moderna, Johnson and Johnson, Sinovac, and Sputnik V) were evaluated. A total of 12.6% of those surveyed had at least one allergic reaction posterior to vaccination, and females had a greater chance of developing one (p p p < 0.5). This study concludes that the BNT162b2 (Pfizer BioNTech) and ChAdOX1 nCOV-19 (Oxford-AstraZeneca) vaccines are strongly associated with the onset of allergic reactions, with ORs of 1.6 (CI 95%, 1.18 to 2.3) and 1.87 (CI 95%, 1.35 to 2.6), respectively. In addition, females have a greater chance of developing allergic reactions associated with COVID-19 vaccinations, and there was a relation found between older age and a greater prevalence of comorbidities, adverse effects after vaccination, and COVID-19 infection after vaccination.
