Chitosan-Based Nanoformulated (–)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) Modulates Human Keratinocyte-Induced Responses and Alleviates Imiquimod-Induced Murine Psoriasiform Dermatitis [Erratum]

Abstract

Chamcheu JC, Siddiqui IA, Adhami VM, et al. Int J Nanomedicine. 2018;13:4189–4206. An error during the preparation of Figures 1 and 5 for publishing led to the inadvertent creation of duplicate regions in images from these figures on pages 4194 and 4199, respectively. The journal wishes to apologise for this error. The correct versions of Figures 1 and 5 are as follows: Figure 1 Size characterization and encapsulation and loading efficiencies of chitosan-based nanoEGCG. (A) Size measurement and distribution of nanoEGCGusing dynamic light scattering. (B) Zeta potential measurement of nanoEGCG. (C) Representative transmission electron microscopy photomicrographs showing the relative homogeneous size and morphology of (i) diluted nanoEGCGand (ii) undiluted nanoEGCG, and (iii) CHI-Void-NPs. Scale bar=200 nm; the insets represent higher magnification. (D) Encapsulation and loading efficiency of EGCG on to chitosan nanoparticles as monitored with UV-vis spectra for free EGCG (not encapsulated) and total EGCG (encapsulated + free). (E) UV-vis spectra used to construct the standard curve, with EGCGconcentrations of 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.12, and 1.6 μg/mL.Abbreviations: EGCG, (–)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate; nanoEGCG, CHI-EGCG-NPs, chitosan-based polymeric nanoparticle formulation of EGCG; CHI-Void-NPs, chitosan-based void (without EGCG) nanoparticles; UV-vis, ultraviolet–visible. Figure 5 Effect of topically applied free EGCG and nanoEGCG on infiltrating immune cells and expression of differentiation markers in IMQ-treated mouse skin lesions: Mice were treated in 4 groups as described in the legends to Figure 4 and Figure S5. (A–D, F–I, K–N, P–S) Photomicrographs showing immunohistological features of: (A–D) mast cells (toluidine blue staining); (F–I) epidermis/dermis (NE, brown staining), and microabscesses (arrow); (K–N) macrophages (F4/80, red staining); and (P–S) double immunofluorescence staining for loricrin (green) and T-lymphocytes (CD4+, red staining). Nuclei were counterstained blue with DAPI. Magnification for all panels ×200. (E, J, O, T, U) Quantitative analyses of changes in immune cells: (E) mast cells; (J) NE+ cells; (O) F4/80+ cells; and (U) loricrin in the 4 treatment groups. Each data point represents the mean±SD of 4 random fields/mouse from 5 mice/group. *p, 0.05, **p, 0.01, ***p, 0.001, and ****p, 0.0001 for the indicated 2-way comparisons.Abbreviations: EGCG, (–)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate; nanoEGCG, chitosan-based polymeric nanoparticle formulation of EGCG; IMQ, imiquimod; NE, neutrophil elastase; LPV, low-power view.