High‐Sensitivity C‐Reactive Protein Is Associated With Heart Failure Hospitalization in Patients With Metabolic Dysfunction‐Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Normal Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Undergoing Coronary Angiography

Abstract

Background Systemic chronic inflammation plays a role in the pathophysiology of both heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease. This study aimed to investigate whether serum hs‐CRP (high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein) levels were associated with the future risk of heart failure (HF) hospitalization in patients with metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease and a normal left ventricular ejection fraction. Methods and Results The study enrolled consecutive individuals with metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease and normal left ventricular ejection fraction who underwent coronary angiography for suspected coronary heart disease. The study population was subdivided into non‐HF, pre‐HFpEF, and HFpEF groups at baseline. The study outcome was time to the first hospitalization for HF. In 10 019 middle‐aged individuals (mean age, 63.3±10.6 years; 38.5% women), the prevalence rates of HFpEF and pre‐HFpEF were 34.2% and 34.5%, with a median serum hs‐CRP level of 4.5 mg/L (interquartile range, 1.9–10 mg/L) and 5.0 mg/L (interquartile range, 2.1–10.1 mg/L), respectively. Serum hs‐CRP levels were significantly higher in the pre‐HFpEF and HFpEF groups than in the non‐HF group. HF hospitalizations occurred in 1942 (19.4%) patients over a median of 3.2 years, with rates of 3.7% in non‐HF, 20.8% in pre‐HFpEF, and 32.1% in HFpEF, respectively. Cox regression analyses showed that patients in the highest hs‐CRP quartile had a ≈4.5‐fold increased risk of being hospitalized for HF compared with those in the lowest hs‐CRP quartile (adjusted‐hazard ratio, 4.42 [95% CI, 3.72–5.25]). Conclusions There was a high prevalence of baseline pre‐HFpEF and HFpEF in patients with metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease and suspected coronary heart disease. There was an increased risk of HF hospitalization in those with elevated hs‐CRP levels.

Keywords

• heart failure hospitalization
• heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
• high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein
• metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease
• metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease