How do we make facial expressions? A study into how modelling can aid in the public's understanding of the muscles of facial expression

Abstract

Introduction: With a growing curiosity in human anatomy from the interested public, alternatives to cadaveric dissection are needed to aid in the public's education of the human body. As the study of human anatomy is a visual subject, and one which involves tactile learning, alternative teaching techniques accessible to all must involve active learning. Arts-based learning is a visual and tactile learning technique to aid in the interested public's understanding of the human body, and one that is affordable. Aim: The aim of this study was to provide the interested public with an arts-based workshop to aid in their understanding of the structure and function of the muscles of facial expression through the use of wax modelling, along with an appreciation for arts-based learning in anatomy education. Method: This study was conducted through two arts-based workshops, where students from the University of Edinburgh represented the interested public, used wax to recreate the muscles of facial expression on to life-sized plastic skulls. Results: The results of this study gathered positive qualitative data on the use of arts-based learning in anatomy from questionnaires completed at the end of the workshops. Conclusion: This study found this method of teaching the interested public was advantageous in creating a fun and relaxed environment for students to learn about the structure and function of the muscles of facial expression through modelling. Keywords: Human anatomy, Arts-based learning, Wax modelling, Public engagement, Anatomy education