Elucidation of biochemical and physiological modulations in Triticum aestivum induced by green synthesized nitrogen-enriched zinc nano-complexes

Zari Shiran; Sedigheh Esmaeilzadeh Bahabadi; Zohreh Razmara; Kavitha Beluri; Nusrat Easmin; Amirhossein Mahdaviarab; Hamidreza Sharifan

Plant Nano Biology (Nov 2024)

Elucidation of biochemical and physiological modulations in Triticum aestivum induced by green synthesized nitrogen-enriched zinc nano-complexes

Zari Shiran,
Sedigheh Esmaeilzadeh Bahabadi,
Zohreh Razmara,
Kavitha Beluri,
Nusrat Easmin,
Amirhossein Mahdaviarab,
Hamidreza Sharifan

Affiliations

Zari Shiran: Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
Sedigheh Esmaeilzadeh Bahabadi: Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran; Corresponding author.
Zohreh Razmara: Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
Kavitha Beluri: Environmental Science and Engineering Program, University of Texas at El Paso, TX, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, TX, USA
Nusrat Easmin: Environmental Science and Engineering Program, University of Texas at El Paso, TX, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, TX, USA
Amirhossein Mahdaviarab: Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, TX, USA
Hamidreza Sharifan: Environmental Science and Engineering Program, University of Texas at El Paso, TX, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, TX, USA; Correspondence to: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Environmental Science and Engineering Program, University of Texas at El Paso, TX, USA.

Journal volume & issue: Vol. 10
p. 100094

Abstract

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This study investigates the efficacy of a green synthesized nitrogen-rich zinc complex (Zn-NC) using quinoline (C9H7N) as the nitrogen-rich substrate to enhance growth and biochemical properties in wheat (Triticum aestivum). The performance of Zn-NC was compared to standard zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs). Both Zn-NC and ZnO-NPs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Three concentrations (100, 200, and 500 ppm) of each compound, along with a control, were applied to local soil samples (n=3). The physiological (biomass, elongation) and biochemical effects (chlorophyll, carotenoids, flavonoids, and phenols) on wheat were investigated. Potential phytotoxic effects were evaluated to establish the biostimulants' safety thresholds. Plants treated with green Zn-NC showed an average increase in shoot length of 25 % compared to the control group. The chlorophyll content in plants treated with ZnO-NPs increased by 18 %, while those treated with green Zn-NC increased by 12 % compared to control. Application of ZnO-NPs resulted in a 30 % increase in total yield, whereas green Zn-NC treatment led to a 22 % yield increase. The root biomass of plants treated with ZnO-NPs increased by 28 %, and those treated with green Zn-NC saw a 20 % increase compared to controls. Based on the optimization of overall results, the ZnO NPs showed phytotoxic effects at concentrations above 200 ppm, while green Zn-NC exhibited no significant phytotoxicity even at concentrations up to 300 ppm. This study delineates the optimal concentrations of Zn-NC and ZnO-NPs that can enhance nutrient delivery and yield in cereal crops while mitigating phytotoxic risks. The findings provide valuable insights into applying nano-biostimulants in agroecosystems, highlighting their potential to improve productivity and sustainability in agriculture.

Published in Plant Nano Biology

ISSN: 2773-1111 (Online)
Publisher: Elsevier
Country of publisher: Netherlands
LCC subjects: Science: Botany
Website: https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/plant-nano-biology

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