Galectin-3 contributes to neonatal hypoxic–ischemic brain injury

Abstract

Inflammation induced by hypoxia–ischemia (HI) contributes to the development of injury in the newborn brain. In this study, we investigated the role of galectin-3, a novel inflammatory mediator, in the inflammatory response and development of brain injury in a mouse model for neonatal HI. Galectin-3 gene and protein expression was increased after injury and galectin-3 was located in activated microglia/macrophages. Galectin-3-deficient mice (gal3−/−) were protected from injury particularly in hippocampus and striatum. Microglia accumulation was increased in the gal3−/− mice but accompanied by decreased levels of total matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and nitrotyrosine. The protection and increase in microglial infiltration was more pronounced in male gal3−/− mice. Trophic factors and apoptotic markers did not significantly differ between groups. In conclusion, galectin-3 contributes to neonatal HI injury particularly in male mice. Our results indicate that galectin-3 exerts its effect by modulating the inflammatory response.

Keywords

• Brain injury
• Newborn
• Hypoxia–ischemia
• Galectin-3
• Matrix metalloproteinase-9