Extracellular Vesicle-Related Thrombosis in Viral Infection

Abstract

Shosaku Nomura,1 Takehito Taniura,2 Tomoki Ito1 1First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan; 2Division of Internal Medicine, Daiwa Hospital, Suita, JapanCorrespondence: Shosaku NomuraFirst Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-3-1 Shinmachi, Hirakata, Osaka 573-1010, JapanTel + 81 72 804 2754Fax + 81 72 804 2041Email [email protected]: Although the outcomes of viral infectious diseases are remarkably varied, most infections cause acute diseases after a short period. Novel coronavirus disease 2019, which recently spread worldwide, is no exception. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small circulating membrane-enclosed entities shed from the cell surface in response to cell activation or apoptosis. EVs transport various kinds of bioactive molecules between cells, including functional RNAs, such as viral RNAs and proteins. Therefore, when EVs are at high levels, changes in cell activation, inflammation, angioplasty and transportation suggest that EVs are associated with various diseases. Clinical research on EVs includes studies on the coagulatory system. In particular, abnormal enhancement of the coagulatory system through EVs can cause thrombosis. In this review, we address the functions of EVs, thrombosis, and their involvement in viral infection.Keywords: viral infection, thrombosis, extracellular vesicle, exosome, microvesicle

Keywords

• viral infection
• thrombosis
• extracellular vesicle
• exosome
• microvesicle