Increased induction of de novo serum ANCA and ANCA-associated vasculitis after mass vaccination against SARS-CoV-2
Juan Irure-Ventura,
Lara Belmar-Vega,
Gema Fernández-Fresnedo,
Elena González-López,
Carolina Castro-Hernández,
Emilio Rodrigo-Calabia,
Milagros Heras-Vicario,
Juan Carlos Ruiz San Millán,
Marcos López-Hoyos
Affiliations
Juan Irure-Ventura
Immunology Service, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain; Transplantation and Autoimmunity Laboratory, Research Institute “Marqués de Valdecilla” (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
Lara Belmar-Vega
Transplantation and Autoimmunity Laboratory, Research Institute “Marqués de Valdecilla” (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain; Nephrology Service, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain
Gema Fernández-Fresnedo
Transplantation and Autoimmunity Laboratory, Research Institute “Marqués de Valdecilla” (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain; Nephrology Service, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain
Elena González-López
Immunology Service, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain; Transplantation and Autoimmunity Laboratory, Research Institute “Marqués de Valdecilla” (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
Carolina Castro-Hernández
Immunology Service, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain; Transplantation and Autoimmunity Laboratory, Research Institute “Marqués de Valdecilla” (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain
Emilio Rodrigo-Calabia
Transplantation and Autoimmunity Laboratory, Research Institute “Marqués de Valdecilla” (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain; Nephrology Service, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain
Milagros Heras-Vicario
Transplantation and Autoimmunity Laboratory, Research Institute “Marqués de Valdecilla” (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain; Nephrology Service, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain
Juan Carlos Ruiz San Millán
Transplantation and Autoimmunity Laboratory, Research Institute “Marqués de Valdecilla” (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain; Nephrology Service, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain
Marcos López-Hoyos
Immunology Service, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain; Transplantation and Autoimmunity Laboratory, Research Institute “Marqués de Valdecilla” (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain; Corresponding author
Summary: Different immune-mediated diseases have been described after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) being one of the possible side effects. In this study, a total of 35 patients presented ANCA for the first time during 2021, with the number during 2019 being 15. Twenty-seven out of thirty-five patients developed ANCA after vaccination. Two of them developed these antibodies after receiving the first dose (7.4%), and 25 patients developed ANCA after the second dose of the vaccine (92.6%), with BNT162b2 being the main vaccine received by these patients. In 97.1% of the patients who developed ANCA during 2021, the positivity of ANCA was accompanied by systemic involvement, with renal and respiratory tracts being the main organs affected. Therefore, an increase in the development of AAV has been observed during 2021 in comparison with 2019, which could be due to the administration of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.
