Management of swine mortalities through the use of a mixed composting-accelerating bio-inoculant
Adriana Matiz-Villamil,
Iliana C. Chamorro-Tobar,
Adriana Sáenz-Aponte,
Adriana Pulido-Villamarín,
Ana K. Carrascal-Camacho,
Ivonne S. Gutiérrez-Rojas,
Andrea M. Sánchez-Garibello,
Irina A. Barrientos-Anzola,
Diana C. Zambrano-Moreno,
Raúl A. Poutou-Piñales
Affiliations
Adriana Matiz-Villamil
Laboratorio de Biotecnología Aplicada, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia; Corresponding author.
Iliana C. Chamorro-Tobar
Centro de Investigación y Transferencia de Tecnología del Sector Porcícola (CENIPORCINO), Asociación Porkcolombia – Fondo Nacional de la Porcicultura, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
Adriana Sáenz-Aponte
Laboratorio de Control Biológico, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
Adriana Pulido-Villamarín
Unidad de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (UNIDIA), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
Ana K. Carrascal-Camacho
Laboratorio de Microbiología de Alimentos, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
Ivonne S. Gutiérrez-Rojas
Laboratorio de Biotecnología Aplicada, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
Andrea M. Sánchez-Garibello
Laboratorio de Biotecnología Aplicada, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
Irina A. Barrientos-Anzola
Laboratorio de Microbiología de Alimentos, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
Diana C. Zambrano-Moreno
Centro de Investigación y Transferencia de Tecnología del Sector Porcícola (CENIPORCINO), Asociación Porkcolombia – Fondo Nacional de la Porcicultura, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
Raúl A. Poutou-Piñales
Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Grupo de Biotecnología Ambiental e Industrial (GBAI), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
A composting-accelerating bio-inoculant (Bacillus subtilis, Talaromyces sayulitensis (HC1), Steinernema sp., and Heterorhabditis sp.) was evaluated in a composting process made up of a different mix of wood chips, pig manure, urine, and swine mortality (raw material RM). Three different treatments (T1, T2, and T3) were assessed, and physicochemical, microbiological, and entomological evaluations were carried out at 0 and 45 days of the composting process. The highest organic nitrogen (1.34 %) concentration was detected in swine mortality, whereas the highest total oxidizable organic carbon (39.1 %) concentration was observed in wood chips. Salmonella spp., was not identified in any of the raw materials. Clostridium spp., count was 5.5, 2.0, and 1.0 Log10 unit, for pig manure, wood chips, and swine mortality, respectively. Pig manure, swine mortality, and wood chip total coliform count was 6.21, 5.32, and 1 Log10 unit, respectively. Helminth eggs were not detected in any of the RM and Cryptosporidium spp., oocysts were occasionally found in pig manure and wood chips. Several types of flies were identified, Musca domestica, Muscina stabulans, Stomoxys calcitrans, Fannia canicularis, Sarcophaga sp., and Calliphora sp. Treatment 3 (45.11 % swine mortality, 33.33 % wood chips, and 21.55 %, urine and bio-inoculant) had the greatest total oxidizable organic carbon availability, the highest carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio (20.67, p < 0.05), and the lowest dipterous larvae count. Moreover, Salmonella sp., was not observed and had only low Clostridium spp., and fecal coliform count. The bio-inoculant's effect on C/N ratio, cation exchange capacity, and electrical conductivity were beneficial, and resulted in production of a fertilizer complying with EPA 600/1-87-014, EPA 40 CFR Part 258, and NTC5167/11 norms. According to the characterization protocols used in this study the compost was apparently free from bacterial and parasitic pathogens and minimal dipteran counts. Last, maturation time was 15 days shorter compared with control (C4).
