A Quantitative Measurement Method for Nuclear-Pleomorphism Scoring in Breast Cancer
Chai Ling Teoh,
Xiao Jian Tan,
Khairul Shakir Ab Rahman,
Ikmal Hisyam Bakrin,
Kam Meng Goh,
Joseph Jiun Wen Siet,
Wan Zuki Azman Wan Muhamad
Affiliations
Chai Ling Teoh
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology (TAR UMT), Jalan Genting Kelang, Setapak, Kuala Lumpur 53300, Malaysia
Xiao Jian Tan
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology (TAR UMT), Jalan Genting Kelang, Setapak, Kuala Lumpur 53300, Malaysia
Khairul Shakir Ab Rahman
Department of Pathology, Hospital Tuanku Fauziah, Jalan Tun Abdul Razak, Kangar 01000, Perlis, Malaysia
Ikmal Hisyam Bakrin
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) Serdang, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
Kam Meng Goh
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology (TAR UMT), Jalan Genting Kelang, Setapak, Kuala Lumpur 53300, Malaysia
Joseph Jiun Wen Siet
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology (TAR UMT), Jalan Genting Kelang, Setapak, Kuala Lumpur 53300, Malaysia
Wan Zuki Azman Wan Muhamad
Sports Engineering Research Centre (SERC), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia
Background/Objectives: Nuclear pleomorphism, a crucial determinant of breast cancer grading under the Nottingham Histopathology Grading (NHG) system, remains inadequately quantified in the existing literature. Motivated by this gap, our study seeks to investigate and establish correlations among morphological features across various scores of nuclear pleomorphism, as per the NHG system. We aim to quantify nuclear pleomorphism across these scores and validate our proposed measurement method against ground-truth data. Methods: Initially, we deconstruct the descriptions of nuclear pleomorphism into three core elements: size, shape, and appearance. These elements are subsequently mathematically modeled into equations, termed ESize, EShape, and EAppearance. These equations are then integrated into a unified model termed Harmonic Mean (HM). The HM equation yields a value approaching 1 for nuclei demonstrating characteristics of score-3 nuclear pleomorphism and near 0 for those exhibiting features of score-1 nuclear pleomorphism. Results: The proposed HM model demonstrates promising performance metrics, including Accuracy, Recall, Specificity, Precision, and F1-score, with values of 0.97, 0.96, 0.97, 0.94, and 0.95, respectively. Conclusions: In summary, this study proposes the HM equation as a novel feature for the precise quantification of nuclear pleomorphism in breast cancer.
