DETECTION OF METALLIC AND NON-METALLIC ORIGIN FOREIGN BODIES IN BIOLOGICAL TISSUES OBTAINED AS A RESULT OF MILITARY TRAUMA: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Introduction. The presence of foreign bodies in the human body is often the result of injuries with a violation of the integrity of the integumentary structures. In combat conditions, fragments of metal, glass or other materials can enter the body, which complicates diagnosis. Metal objects are well visualized on radiography and CT, but non-metallic materials, such as wood or plastic, require the use of other imaging methods, such as ultrasound or MRI. Increasing the sensitivity of detection methods is an important task of modern medicine. A separate important issue in the detection of foreign bodies (FB) is their intraoperative detection and navigation. Removal of a foreign body resulting from combat trauma is often a complex technical task that requires special skills of the surgeon and high-tech medical equipment that can be used during surgical intervention. Such equipment must meet medical safety standards, be mobile and convenient to use, and must be resistant to multiple sterilizations and exposure to aggressive chemicals and biological fluids. Aim. Analysis of modern approaches and technologies for detecting foreign bodies of metallic and non-metallic origin in biological tissues resulting from combat trauma. Results and discussion. Various imaging methods can be used to detect foreign objects, such as ultrasound, conventional radiography, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging. The visibility of foreign bodies depends on the interaction of the physicochemical properties of the object and the physical phenomena underlying the corresponding imaging method. The currently accepted methods are the main tools for diagnosing FB, each of which has its own advantages and limitations. For accurate planning of surgical interventions, it is necessary to use radiography, ultrasound, CT, or MRI, depending on the situation. In the case of complex injuries, intraoperative navigation should be used to localize the FB and minimize the risk of complications. Conclusions. Development of new imaging techniques: Development of non-radioactive fragments detection in gunshot wounds using noise emission technology, imaging and intraoperative navigation will increase the efficiency of detection and treatment of patients with FB.

Keywords

• foreign bodies
• detection
• fragments
• trauma
• x-ray contrast objects
• ultrasound examination
• computed tomography
• magnetic resonance imaging
• conductor anaesthesia
• vessels
• clinical route of the patient