Natural Polysaccharides as Preventive and Therapeutic Horizon for Neurodegenerative Diseases
Manel Dhahri,
Mawadda Alghrably,
Hamdoon A. Mohammed,
Syed Lal Badshah,
Noreen Noreen,
Fouzi Mouffouk,
Saleh Rayyan,
Kamal A. Qureshi,
Danish Mahmood,
Joanna Izabela Lachowicz,
Mariusz Jaremko,
Abdul-Hamid Emwas
Affiliations
Manel Dhahri
Biology Department, Faculty of Science Yanbu, Taibah University, Yanbu El-Bahr 46423, Saudi Arabia
Mawadda Alghrably
Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
Hamdoon A. Mohammed
Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
Syed Lal Badshah
Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
Noreen Noreen
Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
Fouzi Mouffouk
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Safat 13060, Kuwait
Department of Pharmaceutics, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia
Danish Mahmood
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah 51911, Saudi Arabia
Joanna Izabela Lachowicz
Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Università di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
Mariusz Jaremko
Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
Abdul-Hamid Emwas
Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
Neurodegenerative diseases are a serious and widespread global public health burden amongst aging populations. The total estimated worldwide global cost of dementia was US$818 billion in 2015 and has been projected to rise to 2 trillion US$ by 2030. While advances have been made to understand different neurodegenerative disease mechanisms, effective therapeutic strategies do not generally exist. Several drugs have been proposed in the last two decades for the treatment of different types of neurodegenerative diseases, with little therapeutic benefit, and often with severe adverse and side effects. Thus, the search for novel drugs with higher efficacy and fewer drawbacks is an ongoing challenge in the treatment of neurodegenerative disease. Several natural compounds including polysaccharides have demonstrated neuroprotective and even therapeutic effects. Natural polysaccharides are widely distributed in plants, animals, algae, bacterial and fungal species, and have received considerable attention for their wide-ranging bioactivity, including their antioxidant, anti-neuroinflammatory, anticholinesterase and anti-amyloidogenic effects. In this review, we summarize different mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative diseases and the neuroprotective effects of natural polysaccharides, highlighting their potential role in the prevention and therapy of neurodegenerative disease.
