Public Health Nutrition (Jan 2024)

Association between consumption of small fish and all-cause mortality among Japanese: the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study

  • Chinatsu Kasahara,
  • Takashi Tamura,
  • Kenji Wakai,
  • Yudai Tamada,
  • Yasufumi Kato,
  • Yoko Kubo,
  • Rieko Okada,
  • Mako Nagayoshi,
  • Asahi Hishida,
  • Nahomi Imaeda,
  • Chiho Goto,
  • Jun Otonari,
  • Hiroaki Ikezaki,
  • Yuichiro Nishida,
  • Chisato Shimanoe,
  • Isao Oze,
  • Yuriko N Koyanagi,
  • Yohko Nakamura,
  • Miho Kusakabe,
  • Daisaku Nishimoto,
  • Ippei Shimoshikiryo,
  • Sadao Suzuki,
  • Miki Watanabe,
  • Etsuko Ozaki,
  • Chie Omichi,
  • Kiyonori Kuriki,
  • Naoyuki Takashima,
  • Naoko Miyagawa,
  • Kokichi Arisawa,
  • Sakurako Katsuura-Kamano,
  • Kenji Takeuchi,
  • Keitaro Matsuo

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980024000831
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 27

Abstract

Read online

Abstract Objective: Although small fish are an important source of micronutrients, the relationship between their intake and mortality remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the association between intake of small fish and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Design: We used the data from a cohort study in Japan. The frequency of the intake of small fish was assessed using a validated FFQ. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) for all-cause and cause-specific mortality according to the frequency of the intake of small fish by sex were estimated using a Cox proportional hazard model with adjustments for covariates. Setting: The Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study. Participants: A total of 80 802 participants (34 555 males and 46 247 females), aged 35–69 years. Results: During a mean follow-up of 9·0 years, we identified 2482 deaths including 1495 cancer-related deaths. The intake of small fish was statistically significantly and inversely associated with the risk of all-cause and cancer mortality in females. The multivariable-adjusted HR (95 % CI) in females for all-cause mortality according to the intake were 0·68 (0·55, 0·85) for intakes 1–3 times/month, 0·72 (0·57, 0·90) for 1–2 times/week and 0·69 (0·54, 0·88) for ≥ 3 times/week, compared with the rare intake. The corresponding HR (95 % CI) in females for cancer mortality were 0·72 (0·54, 0·96), 0·71 (0·53, 0·96) and 0·64 (0·46, 0·89), respectively. No statistically significant association was observed in males. Conclusions: Intake of small fish may reduce the risk of all-cause and cancer mortality in Japanese females.

Keywords