Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles in Children Reported by the ISPED Program in China, 2016 to 2020

Pan Fu; Hongmei Xu; Chunmei Jing; Jikui Deng; Hongmei Wang; Chunzhen Hua; Yinghu Chen; Xuejun Chen; Ting Zhang; Hong Zhang; Yiping Chen; Jinhong Yang; Aiwei Lin; Shifu Wang; Qing Cao; Xing Wang; Huiling Deng; Sancheng Cao; Jianhua Hao; Wei Gao; Yuanyuan Huang; Hui Yu; Chuanqing Wang

doi:10.1128/Spectrum.00283-21

Microbiology Spectrum (Dec 2021)

Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles in Children Reported by the ISPED Program in China, 2016 to 2020

Pan Fu,
Hongmei Xu,
Chunmei Jing,
Jikui Deng,
Hongmei Wang,
Chunzhen Hua,
Yinghu Chen,
Xuejun Chen,
Ting Zhang,
Hong Zhang,
Yiping Chen,
Jinhong Yang,
Aiwei Lin,
Shifu Wang,
Qing Cao,
Xing Wang,
Huiling Deng,
Sancheng Cao,
Jianhua Hao,
Wei Gao,
Yuanyuan Huang,
Hui Yu,
Chuanqing Wang

Affiliations

Pan Fu: Department of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
Hongmei Xu: Infectious Disease Department, Children’s Hospital of Chonqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
Chunmei Jing: Department of Medical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Chonqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
Jikui Deng: Infectious Disease Department, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
Hongmei Wang: Infectious Disease Department, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
Chunzhen Hua: Infectious Disease Department, Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
Yinghu Chen: Infectious Disease Department, Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
Xuejun Chen: Department of Medical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University, Zhenjiang, China
Ting Zhang: Digestive and Infectious Disease Department, Children’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
Hong Zhang: Department of Medical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
Yiping Chen: Pediatric Infectious Disease Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
Jinhong Yang: Department of Medical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
Aiwei Lin: Infectious Disease Department, Qilu Children’s Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
Shifu Wang: Department of Medical Laboratory, Qilu Children’s Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, China
Qing Cao: Infectious Disease Department, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, China
Xing Wang: Department of Medical Laboratory, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, China
Huiling Deng: Infectious Disease Department, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
Sancheng Cao: Department of Medical Laboratory, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
Jianhua Hao: Infectious Disease Department, Children’s Hospital of Kaifeng City, Kaifeng, China
Wei Gao: Department of Medical Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Kaifeng City, Kaifeng, China
Yuanyuan Huang: Pediatric Department, First Hospital Affiliated to Jilin University, Changchun, China
Hui Yu: Infectious Disease Department, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
Chuanqing Wang: Department of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/Spectrum.00283-21
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 9, no. 3

Abstract

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ABSTRACT The Infectious Disease Surveillance of Pediatrics (ISPED) program was established in 2015 to monitor and analyze the trends of bacterial epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in children. Clinical bacterial isolates were collected from 11 tertiary care children’s hospitals in China in 2016 to 2020. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out using the Kirby-Bauer method or automated systems, with interpretation according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2019 breakpoints. A total of 288,377 isolates were collected, and the top 10 predominant bacteria were Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii. In 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic year, we observed a significant reduction in the proportion of respiratory tract samples (from 56.9% to 44.0%). A comparable reduction was also seen in the primary bacteria mainly isolated from respiratory tract samples, including S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and S. pyogenes. Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) in children were commonly observed and presented higher rates of drug resistance than sensitive strains. The proportions of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP), carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB), carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (CRPA), and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains were 19.7%, 46.4%%, 12.8%, and 35.0%, respectively. The proportions of CRKP, CRAB, and CRPA strains all showed decreasing trends between 2015 and 2020. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and CRPA gradually decreased with age, while CRAB showed the opposite trend with age. Both CRE and CRPA pose potential threats to neonates. MDROs show very high levels of AMR and have become an urgent threat to children, suggesting that effective monitoring of AMR and antimicrobial stewardship among children in China are required. IMPORTANCE AMR, especially that involving multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs), is recognized as a global threat to human health; AMR renders infections increasingly difficult to treat, constituting an enormous economic burden and producing tremendous negative impacts on patient morbidity and mortality rates. There are many surveillance programs in the world to address AMR profiles and MDRO prevalence in humans. However, published studies evaluating the overall AMR rates or MDRO distributions in children are very limited or are of mixed quality. In this study, we showed the bacterial epidemiology and resistance profiles of primary pathogens in Chinese children from 2016 to 2020 for the first time, analyzed MDRO distributions with time and with age, and described MDROs’ potential threats to children, especially low-immunity neonates. Our study will be very useful to guide antiinfection therapy in Chinese children, as well as worldwide pediatric patients.

Published in Microbiology Spectrum

ISSN: 2165-0497 (Online)
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Country of publisher: United States
LCC subjects: Science: Microbiology
Website: https://journals.asm.org/journal/spectrum

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