An exponential spline approximation for fractional Bagley–Torvik equation

Abstract

Abstract In this paper, we approximate the solution of fractional Bagley–Torvik equation by using the exponential spline function and the shifted Grünwald difference operator. The proposed methods reduce to the system of algebraic equations. The convergence analysis of the methods has been discussed. The numerical examples are presented to illustrate the applications of the methods and to compare the computed results with the other methods.

Keywords

• Boundary value problem
• Exponential spline
• Fractional differential equations
• Convergence analysis
• Fractional Bagley–Torvik equation