Prevalence and management of cataracts among older adults in Sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review

Abstract

Abstract Introduction Cataract is a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness, mainly affecting older adults in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This scoping review aims to map evidence on the prevalence, contextual factors, and management strategies for cataracts among older adults in SSA. Method Four central databases (PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and Google Scholar) were searched, yielding 383 records. Additional searches produced eight records. After screening and applying inclusion criteria, 26 full-text articles were eligible for further review. Finally, seven full-text records were included in the thematic analysis and synthesis. Results Cataract prevalence among older adults in SSA ranged from 13.5–62.5% across different countries. Surgery remains the primary management strategy, but cataract surgical coverage varies widely (12.1–96%). Significant barriers to effective management include lack of awareness, limited access to healthcare, economic constraints, gender disparities, and cultural misconceptions about cataract surgery. Conclusion There is a significant burden of cataracts among older adults in SSA, with considerable variations in prevalence and surgical coverage across the region. Comprehensive strategies addressing awareness, accessibility, affordability, and cultural factors are needed to improve cataract management and reduce visual impairment in SSA.

Keywords

• Prevalence
• Management
• Cataract
• Older Adults
• Sub-Saharan Africa
• Scoping Review