INTRACELLULAR SYSTEMS FOR DETECTION OF EXOGENOUS NUCLEIC ACIDS AND TRIGGERING MECHANISMS OF IMMUNE RESPONSE TO DNA INTERNALIZATION

Abstract

Abstract. There are some specific mechanisms in cell that detect the invasion into the cell of any foreign molecules, so-called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). The recognition of these PAMPs is realized by Toll-like receptors or is due to the cytosolic sensors action. In recent years much attention is directed to the investigation of foreign nucleic acids sensing and detection in cell. Nowadays some sensors of doublestranded DNA, such as STING, DAI, members of NOD-like protein family, RIG-like helicases, proteins of HIN-200 family are identified. Some of sensors interact with double-stranded DNA directly. The others are characterized as mediators of signal transduction from unknown DNA-sensor in the series of following molecular events. Induction of nuclear transcription factors NF-κB and IRF3/IRF7 to produce IFNβ or processing of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 by means of inflammasome formation is a result of activation of cascade events induced by cytosolic DNA. In the review we combine information concerning signaling pathways characterized sensing of intracellular double-stranded DNA that results in the development of the cellular immune response.

Keywords

• pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps)
• double-stranded dna (dsdna)
• cytosolic sensor
• interferon-beta (ifnβ)
• inflammasome